Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of the Perception of Teaching Profession Problems Scale

Effects On Children Of Alcohol Dependent Parents Social Work Essay

Impacts on Children Of Alcohol Dependent Parents Social Work Essay At whatever point an inquiry emerges, similar to what are the consequences for offspring of liquor subordinate guardians, we as a whole have the choice to advance a couple of answers and to save this theme. Liquor addiction is otherwise called a family sickness. Heavy drinkers may have youthful, high school, or adult youngsters; they have spouses or husbands; they have siblings or sisters; they have guardians or different family members. A heavy drinker can thoroughly disturb family life and cause destructive impacts that can endure forever (Tetyana Parsons, 2003). Life is something what we need to ignore virtues and great living guides to the following ages. Since we as a whole have a place with family, we can never disregard the pertinence of family life, and in family kids should get the essential thought and mindful. Be that as it may, in a heavy drinkers family, the most influenced gathering will be their kids. Guardians who misuse liquor could cause a negative effect on their childrens lives. Sentiments of outrage and disregard can follow a youngster all through adulthood and detrimentally affect his associations with others (Bogle, D. 2010). Dustin Bogle, an accomplished health specialist, nutritionist and wellness article essayist, gives some serious issues that happen to heavy drinkers kids. Forceful conduct is one of the primary attributes that a kid may create from having a parent who mishandles liquor. The forceful conduct of kids may prompt scholarly disappointment and genuine social issues. As the subsequent one, he makes reference to notice signs. Youngsters may give cautioning indications of having a heavy drinker parent. They may carry on out of frustration with other kids, or may discover them lying about things. When chided, kids may get terrified of their folks discovering, or they might be raising a ruckus since they need that additional consideration that they are not getting at home. The condition that the kids are set in is frequently flighty and turbulent. This is the third point he advances. The most seasoned youngster in the gathering is dealing with different kids while the child rearing abilities are inadequate. Other youngsters may become inconvenience creators, and some hotel to detachment, frequently getting modest and lethargic to other kids. The last perception of Dustin Bogle, most likely a pivotal one, is the pattern of dependence. It is an exceptionally normal and risky event, and parcel numerous quandaries are appended with this too. Criminal acts, high schooler pregnancy and other mental and intense subject matters may emerge. The youngsters may get standardized in either prison or a restoration community. Youngsters may likewise be removed from their home if the liquor misuse turns out to be downright awful, or they could be placed in child care or wind up living in the city. Liquor abuse is a far reaching sickness, and it has profound established wellbeing related issues and extreme dependable results. The most clever thing in respects with liquor abuse is that still it is being considered as a mode of socialization. The practices of guardians are the rules of their youngsters, and it doesnt matter whether it is fortunate or unfortunate. Golden Keefer, a popular wellbeing related article author who has over 25 years of involvement with the field, is introducing some awesome data in this specific issue. Dread, low confidence, self-fault, injury/sickness, budgetary impacts, and changes in Family Structure are the impacts that she recommends for a survey. In the event that we can have a more profound look in to each point, we can see that every one of these focuses are exceptionally important. Offspring of guardians who misuse liquor frequently live in dread, basically in light of the fact that they are mishandled or dismissed when a parent is affected by liquor. They may observer abusive behavior at home against the other parent, their kin or significantly different grown-ups living in the family unit. Kids who are scared for their own security may experience the ill effects of nervousness, rest unsettling influences and gloom. Kids frequently grow low confidence when one or the two guardians misuse liquor. At the point when guardians are more distracted with liquor maltreatment than their parental jobs, a kid may not get the conviction that all is good he needs to create solid confidence. Youngsters regularly accuse themselves when a parent mishandles liquor. They imagine that it should by one way or another be their flaw if a parent utilizes medications or beverages an excess of liquor, and that will bring about the loss of their self-dependability. Kids can endure wounds or medical issues because of a guardians liquor misuse. On the off chance that a pregnant lady drinks liquor, the child can grow long haul medical issues. The unsanitary and hazardous circumstance at home may prompt particular kind of ailment and wounds. A family with a liquor mishandled parent will have monetary outcomes, and that family will be compelled to carry on with a low pay life. Such a circumstance may build up a feeling of inadequacy in kids. Detachments and separations may occur in such families and those occurrences will make considerably more pressure and disarray for kids. A kid who is being brought up in a solitary parent house hold, may not get appropriate consideration or even unfit to show signs of improvement formative chances. Patti Kelly an independent essayist and enlisted nurture with numerous long periods of involvement with pediatrics, geriatrics, general wellbeing and preventive consideration have mentioned some genuine objective facts on this theme. She is depicting the impacts under certain particular orders; they are: mental, instructive, practical, social and formative. Disavowal, outrage, disgrace, tension, sadness, self-disregard, disgrace and separation are a couple of the mental outcomes noted in offspring of liquor mishandled guardians, and a feeling that all is well with the world and inspirational standpoint are hard to build up for such youngsters. Offspring of liquor mishandled guardians are at an expanded danger of learning incapacities, poor school participation, and they are likewise bound to be ousted, be organized or drop out of school. A liquor mishandled individual is consistently in a danger of being either jobless or under-utilized and absence of pay brings about a general lessening in the familys way of life and can prompt trouble addressing fundamental needs. The offspring of a heavy drinker might be embarrassed to go out in broad daylight, and such disgrace and dread may likewise keep them from having companions over. Trust and security are being considered as the advancing specialists of advance solid turn of events and a family with liquor manhandled parent can never give such a circumstance at their home. Physical and sexual maltreatment are additionally increasingly basic when there is a parent who mishandles liquor, and these elements, may contrarily affect a childs ordinary turn of events, making youngsters progressively inclined to self destruction, nervousness, dietary issues and wretchedness. As a piece of this examination, it is critical to note about the treatment side of the liquor abuse. As I referenced before, liquor addiction is an illness which requires explicit treatment, despite the fact that there is no clinical treatment for that. Be that as it may, liquor abuse is a treatable illness and numerous treatment projects and approaches are accessible to help heavy drinkers. Inspiration is the significant part in treatment of heavy drinkers, and other significant advance is the self-choice. We can arrange the treatment in various advances, they are, resolve to quit drinking, set objectives and get ready for change, pulling back from liquor, find new importance throughout everyday life, plan for triggers and longings, kick support and getting off on treatment. In spite of the fact that it isn't that simple to accomplish, an amazing will and support from others, the objective is so close. The significance of this exploration is that what the job of an instructor in this issue is. Since the gathering I have contemplated here are kids, and simply because of that no doubt I can say that an educator can do ponders in this specific issue. Inspiration is the better medication for this and an educator can do it without any problem. Regularly, practically all the guardians are a lot of worried about their kids, and an educator will get bunches of chances to have nitty gritty perception and conversation with guardians. An educator can remember the subject liquor abuse for their month to month gatherings, and they can lead one on one gathering with guardians in which they can gather subtleties of their family. The ethical help for the youngsters is the best part in this, and the educator is the best ever individual who can give that. All the above finding and studies are giving us an away from of the results that could happen to the offspring of liquor mishandled guardians. On the off chance that we can have brief glance, we can see that the alcoholic maltreatment of guardians has solid impact in their childrens future. Mental, instructive, efficient, social and formative issues can be considered the serious issues of the offspring of liquor manhandling of guardians. Despite the fact that there is no prescription, treatment of heavy drinkers is significant. Since an educator has a powerful job in a childs life, an instructor should give more consideration in giving good help to youngsters. For me, planning of this exploration paper was an energizing encounter. I am certain that the snippets of data that I shared here is much the same as a drop of water from a sea. In spite of the fact that I got an opportunity to do an overview in this subject previously, I was very uninformed about its results completely. The vast majority of the data that I increased through this examination is extremely commendable. On the off chance that we can do somewhat increasingly profound research, unquestionably there are much more issues that we can discover. The significance of companion gatherings and networks in the treatment of a heavy drinker is an important inquiry that I might want to rise. As the liquor addiction is a social calamity, what are the means that could be taken by the official specialists, so as to have control on this, is the inquiry that I might want to pose. As an ECE understudy what I can offer is my ethical help to the youngsters the individuals who are having this issue, and my push to instruct the general public in respects with this perilous issue.

Highlighting the Trans Writers Nominated for the 2016 Lambda Literary Awards

Highlighting the Trans Writers Nominated for the 2016 Lambda Literary Awards On March 14th, the nominees for the 29th Annual Lambda Literary Awards were announced, and because I have a one-track mind I skipped straight to the categories for the trans titles (the other categories are for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and LGBTQ titles). The fact that there are enough books nominated for there to be distinct trans categories is still relatively new (There was no Transgender Poetry category in 2015, for example), as well as trans people winning awards for books about us (The Collection: Short Fiction from the Transgender Vanguard’s win in 2015 was the first time the Transgender Fiction award was won by trans writers), so I’m particularly excited by the number of this year’s nominees, and am hopeful that it’s an indicator for future years. Continuing this trend of positive emotions (an unusual state for me to find myself in): The nominated books (and their authors) come from a diversity of experiences, identities, stories, and communities, a reminder that there is no singular “trans community” who can be spoken of as one monolithic entity. Returning to my more comfortable territory of not-so-positive-emotions: The decision to highlight these categories came out of my continued frustration around accessibility and books by trans authors. While many of these books have been positively reviewed and talked about in trans and bookish social circles, it can be hard for these “niche” (heavy eye rolling here) titles to reach wider audiences. This is not a space for rehashing the impact of marginalization of books (in short: lower sales, publishing companies seeing trans writers as a “risky” “investment,” continuation of cis people making money from stories about trans authors, not getting picked up by libraries, etc.) but it is my attempt to turn up the spotlight on this particular collection of trans writers by creating a quick and easy list for readers and institutions to use in getting trans writers onto their bookshelves. Transgender Fiction Fierce Femmes and Notorious Liars: A Dangerous Trans Girl’s Confabulous Memoir (Kai Cheng Thom, Metonymy Press): With a vigilante gang of sex workers bashing back against police and johns, and a pathological liar for a main character Fierce Femmes and Notorious Liars promises that it’s not the tired old “trans coming of age story” that many of us are over. Kai Cheng Thom, who has already gained a reputation for her essays and performance art, brings readers into the “memoir” of an Asian trans girl who lives within complicated and shifting realities. If I Was Your Girl (Meredith Russo, Flatiron Books): Reading Meredith Russo’s debut novel confirmed both my suspicion that it is, in fact, possible to write an emotional YA novel about a trans main character where the entire plot isn’t “But He’s A Girl????” and that there are books so good that even my mother and I can agree upon them. This is a beautiful story with careful nuances bringing you into the life of Amanda, a white trans teenager, as she finds herself transplanted into a rural Tennessee town to live with her father. Small Beauty (jia qing wilson-yang, Metonymy Press): The death of her cousin brings Mei, a Chinese-Canadian trans woman, away from the life and community she’s built in Toronto and to a rural town out in the woods of Ontario. As family secrets are revealed, Mei is met with ghosts (both the metaphorical and the haunting kind) of her past, forcing her to deal with questions around community, identity, and what it is to belong. Transgender Nonfiction Life Beyond My Body: A Transgender Journey to Manhood in China (Lei Ming, Transgress Press): A radically new perspective in English language trans memoirs, Lei Ming writes about his experiences as a stealth trans man in modern China. Outside the XY: Black and Brown Queer Masculinity (Morgan Mann Willis, Riverdale Avenue Books): An anthology of voices on gender from Black and Brown trans, gender-nonconforming, and/or nonbinary writers. Outspoken: A Decade of Transgender Activism and Trans Feminism (Julia Serano, Switch Hitter Press): Since its 2007 publication Julia Serano’s Whipping Girl (whether your agree with all of it or not) has become a standard text for readers in and outside of academia. Outspoken brings together a wide variety of her writing, most of which has been previously unpublished. Trunky (Transgender Junky): A Memoir of Institutionalization Southern Hospitality (Samuel Peterson, Transgress Press): A look back on Samuel Peterson’s experience with institutionalization following a heroin relapse and the way in which this time impacted his journeys of self-discovery. You Only Live Twice: Sex, Death and Transition (Chase Joynt and Mike Hoolbloom, Coach House Books): A collaboration from artists Chase Joynt and Mike Hooldbloom as they use a shared interest in the movies from Chris Marker to explore their respective histories of transition as a trans man and as someone diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Transgender Poetry even this page is white (Vivek Shraya, Arsenal Pulp Press): Musician, writer, and performance artist Vivek Shraya’s debut collection of poetry is centered on experiences with identity, racism, and more. The Romance of Siam: A Pocket Guide (Jai Arun Ravine, Timeless, Infinite Light): Using the familiar format of the tourist’s travel guide Jai Arun Ravine twists and turns the focal lens, ultimately repositioning it upon the desires and forces of the white traveler/colonizer. Reacquainted with Life (Kokum?, Topside Press): Kokum?, a longtime activist and performer from Chicago, writes in violent and violated phrases that tear open the reader without apology as she tells her experiences of being a Black, fat, femme, trans woman in America. Safe Space (Jos Charles, Ahsahta Press): A lyrical reclaiming and examination of what a “safe space” can be, who defines it, and the actions of vulnerability. Sympathetic Little Monster (Cameron Awkward-Rich, Ricochet Editions): A fragmented, lyrical, and narrative look at Cameron Awkward-Rich’s relationship and history with the ways in which society constructs and critiques the identity of young black girls.

The Moral Knowledge Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein Essay

Moral knowledge, a tricky subject to grapple with because morals are subjective to everyone. We can’t say whether one is right or wrong, as the truth behind that knowledge is not determined. Since we can’t surely know what we say is right or wrong, is it ok to experiment with ideas that might not be determined to be right at that time? History has proven that the concepts of right and wrong are able to change over time. David Hume has much to say about the development of moral knowledge as he creates his argument in the midst of all his other beliefs. This idea of moral knowledge also plays out in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. An unfortunate story of an ambitious man’s dream to create life, little did he know he would fear his own creature. The creature’s short lived life showed us the nature of moral knowledge in Hume’s model and shows us how it turned a pure existence into a monster. I argue that Mary Shelley expresses the necessity of exper imentation in the development of moral knowledge in Frankenstein, as the creature’s unfortunate transformation to a monster developed through a series of human encounters such as the creature s encounter with the De Lacy family. Ultimately the creature’s development critics Hume’s stagnant view of moral knowledge simply being a product one’s feeling of external approval or disapproval, which leads one to be prejudice. Hume builds his thoughts on the accusation of moral knowledge in his text A Treatise of Human Nature. He bases hisShow MoreRelatedThe Consequences Of Technology On Mary Shelley s Frankenstein Essay1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe Consequences of Technology Revealed in Shelley s Frankenstein In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, written in the late nineteenth century, the author proposes that knowledge and technology can be dangerous to individuals and all of humanity. 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Freedom and Determinism Essay - 2348 Words

Freedom is a human value that has inspired many poets, politicians, spiritual leaders, and philosophers for centuries. Poets have rhapsodized about freedom for centuries. Politicians present the utopian view that a perfect society would be one where we all live in freedom, and spiritual leaders teach that life is a spiritual journey leading the soul to unite with God, thus achieving ultimate freedom and happiness. In addition, we have the philosophers who perceive freedom as an inseparable part of our nature, and spend their lives questioning the concept of freedom and attempting to understand it (Transformative Dialogue, n.d.). Freedom, or the concept of free will seems to be an elusive theory, yet many of us believe in it implicitly.†¦show more content†¦A determinist believes that even though an individual makes voluntary, conscious decisions, those decisions are influenced by a multitude of determinants. These determinants may include genes, upbringing, culture, current situations, and past experiences, among others. Modern determinists believe determinism promotes tolerance in how we view ourselves and others. Instead of focusing on our own or others’ mistakes, we believe that each individual is doing their best given their particular combination of determinants. Those who believe in free will seek to blame individuals for not making the right decisions or choosing the right thing. Determinists argue that if free will truly existed, all of us would possess health and achieve wealth and happiness. Since none of us have this much control over our lives, we become disillusioned and give up trying, leading to defensive and self-defeating behavior (Gill, 2005). However, the belief in free will or freedom is hard to give up because it is seen as the agent of change. Ancient Greeks based their understanding of freedom by distinguishing between intentional and unintentional action. 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Humboldt Squid Free Essays

Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Order: Teuthida Suborder: Oegopsina Family: Ommastephidae Genus: Dosidicus Species: Dosidicus gigas Ecological Geographic range: Receives its name from its main location – the Humboldt Current This current is found in the East Pacific Ocean region The Humboldt squids are sometimes found along the coastal region of California, Oregon, Alaska and Washington Generally, found about 2,300 feet below surface Enter shallow waters to lay eggs Trophic level: Sharks, dolphins, whales, tuna swordfish, many types of rays as well as an abundance of crustaceans, mollusks, fish of all   sizes, and other cephalopods such as octopus can be found in the food web of the Humboldt The Humboldt is occupies a relatively high trophic level It feeds on krill and small species of fish Predators: Sperm whales, sharks, seals, swordfish, and marlin feed on Humboldt squids of all sizes, while gulls and large fish often capture juveniles Parasites include Chromidina elegans, a ciliate protozoan that lives inside the renal organs of the Humboldt Life Cycle: Average life span is 1 year; however, some can live up to 2 years Spend much of their short life in the ocean’s oxygen-minimum zone Come up at night to feed After 200 days, the squids reach sexual maturity They die shortly after mating Physiological Development Bilateral symmetry Arms and tentacles – 8 arms and 2 retractable tentacles Mantle – hollow structure and so internal organs are all exposed directly to the ocean water Funnel – water is pumped from out of the mantle to the funnel, which allows squids to move Fins – are used for both maintaining position and generating thrust Chromatophores – tiny elastic sacs of pigment. The Humboldt squid can turn their entire bodies from red to white to red again in less than one second Digestive system: Complete and ciliated Mouth, anus and complex stomach Use of a duck like beak to break up food A radula or ribbon horn found on the tongue directs the food down the esophagus Food is taken up by cells lining the digestive glands arising from the stomach and then passed into the blood Excretory System Undigested materials are compressed and packaged and discharged through the anus into the mantle cavity and carried away by ocean currents Excretory functions are carried out by a pair of nephridia (tubular structures that collect fluids from the coelom and exchange salts) Respiratory system: Contains three hearts to support the constantly moving lifestyle of the squid Hemocyanin is the copper-rich respiratory protein that transports oxygen throughout the body Circulatory system: complex, closed circulatory system (reason why they can move fast) contains two branchial hearts at the base of the gills which send unoxygenated blood through the gills A third ventricular heart then pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body (blood turns blue when oxygenated, colorless before) Nervous system: Highly developed and sensitive Brain consists of two fused nerve centers that are linked down the length of the body by two giant nerve axons The giant axons transmit nerve signals quickly Interesting fact – the squid’s nervous system is connected to structures called statocysts. These vesicles let the animal to orient itself to a gravitational field, allowing the squid to remain aware of its orientation and movement in a three-dimensional manner Reproductive strategies Highest fecundity of any cephalopod Reach sexually maturity after 200 days of life Timing and location of eggs is still guesswork for most scientists Sexual reproduction Semelparous reproduction (reproduce once in their lifetimes and die shortly after) Female Humboldt squids can have about 10 million eggs; however, the most to have been found has been between half a million and a million eggs After the eggs are laid, there is no further parental investment Kurth, J. We will write a custom essay sample on Humboldt Squid or any similar topic only for you Order Now and M. Garzio 2009. â€Å"Dosidicus gigas† (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed March 18, 2013 at http://animaldiversity. ummz. umich. edu/accounts/Dosidicus_gigas/ â€Å"Squid. † The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2012. Encyclopedia. com. 18 Mar. 2013http://www. encyclopedia. com. Humboldt or Jumbo Squid Fact Sheet – National Zoo| FONZ. † Smithsonian: National Zoological Park. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Humboldt Squid. † BioWeb. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"A Humboldt Squid Dissection Guide for Educators. † The Gilly Lab. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Humboldt Squids: Systems. † Shorecrest Preparatory School. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Humboldt  Squid. † Squid-World. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Squid Sex and Babies. † Squid Sex and Babies. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. http://theseasproject. weebly. com/uploads/5/3/8/4/5384258/5500235_orig. png? 243 How to cite Humboldt Squid, Essay examples

William Blakes The Chimney Sweeper Essay Example For Students

William Blakes The Chimney Sweeper Essay Social Criticism in William Flakes The Chimney Sweeper The Chimney Sweeper by William Blake criticizes child labor and especially society that sees the childrens misery but chooses to look away and it reveals the change of the mental state of those children who were forced to do such cruel work at the age of four to nine years. It shows the change from an innocent child that dreams of its rescue to the child that has accepted its fate. Those lives seem to oppose each other and yet if one reads the poems carefully, one can see that they have a lot in common too. We will write a custom essay on William Blakes The Chimney Sweeper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The poem was inspired by the first laws that were supposed to make the chimney sweepers life better, but since those laws were loosely enforced Blake wanted to draw attention to their horrible situation and wanted society to be aware of this problem to reinforce the existing and make new laws. Blake shows the life of two different chimney sweepers, one very naive child, Tom, that somehow managed to keep some of its childlike innocence and one that he calls experienced that sees his life more realistic and shows who is to blame for this situation. One can find many phrases that underline Toms innocence throughout the mom but the symbols of the hair that is compared to a lambs wool and the White hair confirm that first impression one gets when reading the poem. Little Toms dream is another symbol of his innocence. He dreams of an angel that comes to rescue him with a bright key. In Gardeners book Flakes Innocence and Experience Retraced he comments on the dream but also has a very interesting theory of the black coffins meaning. The gowned figure of Christ appears in the illustrations to all these poems, and in The Chimney Sweeper the same gowned figure releases the sys from the coffin of black, which epitomizes the horizontal flues (the size of a childs coffin) which killed so many infant sweeps (Gardner 66). His theory is that the black coffins symbolize the small chimneys where many children got suck and suffocated. Which is a reasonable theory; chimneys that were built at that time were made very narrow and many children werent able to get out of them anymore. Here Blake criticizes that many children had to Jeopardize their life to do their Job. At first there was a poor attempt to regulate this: children were sweeping the chimneys thou clothes so the clothes could not get caught and imprison the children in a chimney but this solution was inhumane as it takes away the childs dignity and another point that had to be called to attention at that time: The childrens rights as they did not have any. And it wasnt Just about the childrens rights but also without clothes the children hurt their knees and elbows very much. This was even worse because of the infections through the soot as chimney sweepers were washed rarely and were sleeping on the soot they swept during the day and in a black and very narrow room with all the other chimney sweepers. Blake also criticizes that those children are in complete darkness most of their time. They rose in the dark (line 21), spend their day sweeping chimneys and when they were done they would walk from door to door asking for more work and then got back into their black rooms to go to sleep. So this stands in contrast with the life little Tom dreams of where he is being washed, can run free and enjoy his life as children should be able to do. And washed in the river, and shine in the sun/ then naked and white, all their bags left behind/ they rise upon the clouds and sport in the wind (line 6-18). Toms dream creates a bit of hope in the reader that Tom might be able to be happy and consoled by this dream but this hope is dismissed at the end of the poem. Though Tom is warm and happy inside, the cold morning shows that in reality the angels consolation is not much of a consolation and the reader knows that even the older boys help that the hair cannot be spoiled if it is shorn off would not help much either. Also those words like dark and harm create a baleful atmosphere and through the broken rhyme scheme the reader is thrown back into Toms dark reality. So at the ND the reader does not have a choice but to deal with this reality and think about the boys situation which is what Blake intended The conditions of the places the children slept in were another point that Blake criticizes. He sleeps in soot instead of the early mothers bosom or lap. But Just as the mother shields the child from the intense beams of Gods love until he is able to bear them alone, so the sweepers soot is ironically his shield (Inurn 19). As this quote states the child should sleep on the mothers lap instead of soot that a child is supposed to be loved and tak en care of but instead it is sold and surrounded by luckless. I disagree with the second statement that the mother shields a child from the intense beams of God and what it is compared to; the reason why I disagree is that Blake was not a very religious person for his time and I doubt that he meant to draw a connection between the mothers loving shield to an ironic shield of soot. This interpretation is going away too much from the original statement and there is too much imagination in this thought. Blake criticizes that children were so young when they were sold to be chimney sweepers that they couldnt talk properly yet. .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 , .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 .postImageUrl , .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 , .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82:hover , .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82:visited , .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82:active { border:0!important; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82:active , .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82 .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b84416be8a2a558928e0dfb894b7d82:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pre-Romanticism EssayThe reason for this was that the chimneys were so narrow an older child would not be able to crawl through. This fact is shown very clear in the first line of both poems but the picture gets much more distinct in the second and third line where the child says he could not even pronounce the word sweep and says Weep instead. Those children were too young to be aware of their situation until they were enslaved, and when they did understand it, they would cry like Tom when he gets his hair cut. The only consolation the other older boys can give is that now his beautiful white hair cannot e spoiled. But if this is a good consolation at all is up to the reader to decide. Blake does not indicate whether he agrees or disagrees. From the mature or maybe the experienced point of view, it is in fact no consolation at all but little Tom seems to believe it is a good one. When my mother died I was very young, and my father sold me while yet my tongue could scarcely cry N. pep! Weep! Weep! (line 1-3). But the M. pep! Weep! Weep! does have two meanings. The first one I Just explained but it also suggests that even the innocent child is suffering and shows it through weeping. Though he does not consciously realize it yet, subconsciously he is weeping and not Warm and happy at all. The nameless second child uses this sentence again, but here it does not symbolize the childs inability to speak but the experience that is causing the child to weep. Another point of indirect criticism is that chimney sweepers were punished if they disobeyed. One is not told directly what was to happen to the children if they did not do as they were told one only knows that the child is going to be harmed if the work is not done so if all do their duty they need not fear harm (line 24). This criticizes the way those children were treated. Some sweepers had to climb up a chimney while the fire was burning in the fire place; if the child refused they were forced by fire, slaps, prodding with poles, or by the pricking of the bottoms of their feet with pins (Inurn 17). Blake also criticizes the church, God and society. In the Songs of Innocence, little Toms dream can be seen as a sign from God or from heaven and one can view it as a metaphorical representation of the church. So it implies that the chimney sweepers believe in the church and Gods help Just as they believe in the dreams message. This meaner the churchs help is compared to the angels consolation that if Tom was a good boy/ hed have God for his father and never want Joy (line 19-20) which is no consolation. This is Flakes indirect criticism of the church that does not help those children and of God. He raises the question of how God can be truly good if he sees this injustice and does not act to prevent those children from being harmed. And Punter explains in this book about the Songs that Blake used to Associate the angelic with goodness but increasingly as the years went by he connected it with a mind of hypocritical self-righteousness (Punter 17) so the angel in Toms dream would not be a good sign but a symbol for a hypocritical society. In the second poem the criticism goes on as the question is raised where the parents of the chimney sweeper are, since it is their duty to take care of their child; but they left the child and went to pray to God instead. And there is more criticism of the parents: The child asks if they sold it because it was happy and if it is its time to suffer now because it has been happy once? This question is meant for the reader to think about if it can e right that a child has been sold because it did not show how much it is suffering. In the second poem, the reader gets to know that the child is not allowed to go to church to pray to God. Blake criticizes that children were outcasts of society Just because of their profession and there are records showing that chimney sweepers were thrown out of church if they tried to participate mass even if they were wearing the right clothes, which only a few chimney sweepers were provided with in the first place. As an instance in what a manner these poor children are treated, I remember n anecdote of a little band of them, who had the fortune to be supplied with Sundays clothing; their faces, however, proclaimed them chimney-sweepers. Curiosity, or information that the churches were houses of God, carried them within the gates of a church; but alas! They were driven out by the beadle, with this taunt, What have chimney sweepers to do in a Church? (Inurn 18). Since there were many families that were so poor at the time the poem was written that they could not feed and sold them in order to prevent them from starvation. This is what Gardner meaner n this quotation: The Gap between the respectable and the non-respectable poor was therefore widening (Gardner xvii). The two Songs show some contrast but as one can see in the criticism there are many symbols that show up in both poems. Little Toms white hair that is shorn off shows his innocence that is being taken away from him yet the nameless child in the second poem is referred to as a little black thing, the nameless child is almost seems black among the white snow, which shows that his innocence already is lost and that experience has given him the black color that makes him stand out from civilization. Nowadays one could also compare this to black people being outcasts of society in America that were sold Just like the chimney sweepers. .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c , .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c .postImageUrl , .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c , .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c:hover , .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c:visited , .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c:active { border:0!important; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c:active , .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucdf7e81643ee1ff6e9b049c93371730c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Blake's Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience EssayAnd the word sold is meant to stand out in the second line. Just like the black slaves in America those children were sold to a master to be sweeps. This would have been criticized a lot more nowadays as slavery still was quite common back then when the poem was written. The child in the second poem does not have a name and there are several reasons for that: Blake did not want to focus on one child and its situation but show that in act there are many children and therefore the child doesnt have a gender so it doesnt represent Just boys or Just girls as they were treated the same. This is a contrast to the first chimney sweeper Tom, who has a name, emotions and feelings so one can sympathies with him. The second childs experience is not presented as clearly as Toms innocence but through its unveiled vision of its destiny and the way it accepts its fate. The child knows it has been wronged by its parents who were supposed to take good care of it and sold it like and object but it also has been ranged by God and the priest and the King who make up a heaven of our misery (line 11). They try to pretend its a perfect world and do not look at those children too closely, but since they make up a heaven (line 13) a better world, they clearly must be aware of the misery around them. Also Blake is playing with the readers conscience in the Songs of Innocence; the child says that he is sweeping your chimney. The reader is included and addressed directly this implicates the reader in the circle of exploration (Seasick 53). This is also shown in Garners book: Alone among all the voices of Innocence, the chimney sweeper speaks from unrelieved destitution and an enforced self-reliance; his counterpart in Experience speaks from familiar exploration. The two sweeps state a condition, the difference being in relationships, as the illustrations signify (52). Blake does not speak for himself in his poems, he creates a narrator that states his thoughts; this way Blake can show two different states of mind or point of views without disagreeing with his previous statement and does not become unbelievable through those contradictions that may result from this. Blake believes that one cant separate those states (innocence and experience) from each other, they Just show the same world from a different perspective. Flakes poems presents a contradiction between the states of innocence and experience, two phases through which all people must pass. It shows the untainted world of an innocent child against the mature world of experience and corruption. Tom is both innocent and yet somehow experienced too because of his hard work. When he is conscious he is innocent but in his dreams even though they are very good and innocent, he still knows that it is to the right way he is being treated, because he is dreaming of a better life; He child must indulge in symbolic compensations for his real lot (Adams 261). One can also see this in the contrast in the sentence that If hed be a good boy. (line 19). Being a good boy meaner doing his duty here. The contrast in this sentence is that actually people are supposed to be good and do their duty, but in this case to do his duty would mean that he hurts himself and maybe dies trying to be good. Blake does not ally with one particular point of view since a ll humans have to go through both tastes. In the Songs of Innocence life is seen through the childs eyes thus showing the innocence but in the Songs of Experience it almost appears as if it is seen through the eyes of an adult, showing that children cant stay innocent in those conditions. It shows that sooner or later the child cant believe in those promises the angel gives in the Songs of Innocence and that it will lose its innocence. This innocence Can be both imaginative and pathetic at the same time imaginative because the innocent child can transcend his outer environment ND pathetic because the child so obviously suffers from that outward existence Adam 206 This Quotation will underline my statement that even though the child seems innocent, it is affected by the horrible things that are happening to the child. It also shows the conflict that the reader has to deal with: does he believe in Toms innocence and hopes everything will work out for Tom so he can stay happy and warm or does the reader believe that the child cannot be this naive and even try to believe the angel. In my opinion the reader cannot believe in Toms happy ending as he knows too much. As we read the mom, sitting beneath the chimney newly swept in Golden Square, our discomfort arises not from the necessity of chimney-sweeping, but from the sense that a child may belong so little to the living that he is driven for necessary solace to a posthumous exploration (Gardner 52). Gardner shows that the reader will have to decide what he believes in the end. Works Cited Primary Sources Beer, John. Romanticism, Revolution and Language. The Fate of the Word from Samuel Johnson to George Eliot. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Bentley, Gerald Decades, Jar. William Blake. The Critical Heritage. London and Boston