Essay on Suki Kims Facing Poverty with a Rich Girls Habits

Charmaine Small English 111 September 17, 2012 Summary Response essay Facing Poverty with a Rich Girls Habits I always thought about what would wealthy people feel if they were in poor people’s shoes. To see how middle class people struggle with money instead of assuming everything is easy. I wondered if wealthy people would do if they went bankrupt and how that person would get back on their feet. What intrigued me to write my essay is a memoir that I read called â€Å"Facing Poverty with a Rich Girls Habits.† The Memoir is about the author named Suki Kim and the essay came from The New York Times newspaper. This woman named Suki Kims life changed instantly. In the beginning she talks about Queens, New York in 1983 where she lived†¦show more content†¦At the time when Miss Kim went to junior high she noticed how American schools are so different from Korean schools. Miss Kim also observed how people treat each other in America different from how Koreans treat each other in South Korea. Suki mentioned how Koreans in schools wore slippers to keep the schools floors clean as she compares to Queens, New York school has graffiti on the walls and has guards at the school doors searching the teenagers before they enter the school. When Miss Kim entered a English class with other Koreans she thought that she would fit in more but soon realized that she was still standing out from them. She knew that their was a difference between her and other Koreans. She said, â€Å"The wealthier Korean immigrants had settled in Westchester or Manhattan, where their children attend private schoolsâ⠂¬  (Kim, Page 93). She was in a public school where all the other poor immigrant teens went to. After awhile her family had earned enough money to move out of that neighborhood to get better housing and education. Suki had volunteered at a family assistant center as a interpreter and she got on her feet-finally adjusting to society. I think this memoir is to good read because I can understand how Suki feels. I was interested in how a rich person life changed to being a middle class or poor person. I liked this memoir of Sukis story because she put all of herShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Suki Kims Facing Poverty With a Rich Girls Habits581 Words   |  2 PagesSuki Kim, a South Korean immigrant to the United States, wrote an interesting article entitled Facing Poverty With a Rich Girls Habits. This article was published in the New York Times November 21, 2004. The purpose of this essay is to discuss this article and examine its key points. This essay will also include my personal attitudes towards this work and how it affected me. This brief article described Kims childhood transition from Korea to New York City. The article is framed in very drearyRead MoreFacing Poverty Essay677 Words   |  3 PagesThe Summary of â€Å"Facing Poverty with a Rich Girl’s Habits† ENG115061VA016-1126-001 (English Composition) July 22, 2012 According to Suki Kim, the author of â€Å"Facing Poverty with a Rich Girl’s habits, learning how to survive physically, emotionally, and educationally in a world that was far removed from the style of life she was accustomed to was one of the biggest challenges of her life. Kim went from having a father who was considered a millionaire, living in a mansion complete with a governess

The Epic Poem, Beowulf - A Jungian Reading of Beowulf Essay

A Jungian Reading of Beowulf The epic poem, Beowulf, depicts the battles and victories of the Anglo-Saxon warrior Beowulf, over man-eating monsters. The noble defender, Beowulf, constantly fought monsters and beasts to rid the land of evil. The most significant of these monsters, Grendel, represents Beowulfs shadow, the Jungian archetype explored in the essay collection, Meeting the Shadow. The character Grendel portrays the fallen self, which will assert itself violently if neglected, and must be overcome throughout life. The monster Grendel mirrors the part of our fallen state. Grendels ancestry leads to the biblical figure Cain, to which all evil can be attributed. Grendel represents the hidden evil of†¦show more content†¦Beowulf never finished fighting his demons. He defeated beasts in the sea, Grendel, Grendels mother, battled with the Swedes, and finally fought the dragon until his death. To defeat evil we must shed the grip that it has over us. Grendels hatred rose higher, but his power had gone. He twisted in pain, and the bleeding sinews deep in his shoulder snapped, muscle and bone split and broke (Burton 48). Beowulf disempowered Grendel by ripping of his arm. To rid ourselves from evil we must loosen its grip over us by eliminating its power. Grendel represents Beowulfs shadow. The suppressed shadow will surface to restore the imbalance in personal ity, like Grendel often surfaced from the swamp. Grendel is a symbol of the suppressed and unloved shadow, and he reeks terror on Herot to make his presence known. He represents the hidden neglected part of us. Every part of our personality that we do not love will become hostile to us(Bly 8). By storming into the mead hall and tearing the soldiers up before consuming them he represents this suppressed personality surfacing. Grendel is motivated by jealousy and anger. He is very envious and resentful towards the innocent people of the kingdom. He vents, and projects his anger onto society to restore a balance to Beowulfs personality. Grendel represents Beowulfs shadow. He is driven and motivated by the same things as Jungs description of the shadow. First of all, he represents the reaction of our shadow when it is

Why Go to Summer Program Free Essays

Name: Tham Wei Yie Matrics Number: EEE110145 Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration There are some of the reasons why I am interested to join for the summer program. Firstly, I can experience a new culture. While on this program, I have a chance to thoroughly experience the culture of the different country. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Go to Summer Program or any similar topic only for you Order Now This occurs through direct application as a result of living with a family native to the region, going to school with true residents of the country, and through various other means. I will find myself completely immersed within a different culture once I have arrived in the foreign countries, due to differences in the cuisine, architecture, familial tradition, and even the ways in which people carry out conversation! After having spent a significant amount of time within the country, I will become accustomed to the culture of foreign country and will find myself essentially able to behave in the manner of a local. This excellent learning opportunity typically leaves me with better understanding for people of all sorts, and can really make me feel as though I have become â€Å"citizens of the world. † After the return to my country, I will likely enjoy sharing my new culture with those around my friends and relatives. In addition to learning of the culture of the foreign country, I will become familiar with the ways of life of people all around the world through meeting other exchange students. This is guaranteed me to be amusing, and very interesting! Secondly, I will learn a new language. This is the opportunity that I have to learn a foreign language as I never had before. Being a student of going off others country is much like becoming a small child once again, and this provides the opportunity to become familiar with the language in the manner of a native speaker and I will become conversationally fluent if on a short term staying in the different environment. A new language will aid me in the future by allowing me to explore new interests, and will likely also help widen my range of future career options. Thirdly, I can meet new friends from all around the world. During the summer program, I will have meetings and trips where I can get to meet other foreign students. . It is so much fun when I am get together with them because we have so much in common. I will also meet tons of native friends in the country and will have a close relationship with the rest of my life. Most summer program are present within multiple countries within the world; as a result, I will typically have the opportunity to meet other exchange students, from a variety of countries! Oftentimes, the program will involve various outings with other exchange students, which are typically quite fun and interesting – it is incredible to see hordes of people from numerous foreign regions interacting with one another, forming friendships and promoting cultural understanding. One of the most challenging things may be ever experience, and it is wonderful to know people who are facing similar challenges during that time. The friendships one creates while on summer program are often very long-lasting – and studded with great memories! Lastly which is most important to me is personal development. I will be confronted with challenges in everyday life that I will have never before experienced. Everything is new, as the student adjusts to life within a foreign place with a completely different language and culture. Although this may seem utterly frightening, the difficulties associated with everyday life in abroad can truly teach me a countless life lessons. Even better, I have a chance to accomplish something very unique for my age – living independently for an extended period of time in a foreign country, without the aid of my natural parents. As a result of homesickness, feelings of alienation, or various other factors, I may occasionally go through times of depression, but these must be ended through when I am taking the initiative to go out and enjoy my amazing new life! Having enjoyed the good and survived the bad components in abroad, I will return to my home country with newfound strength, confidence, and self-understanding. Few other experiences can help me to gain these qualities so early on in life – that is truly the magic of summer program. How to cite Why Go to Summer Program, Essay examples

Business and Corporate Law Forrest v Asic

Question: Discuss about theBusiness and Corporate Lawfor Forrest v Asic. Answer: Introduction The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) commenced legal proceedings in March 2006, against the Fortesque Metals Group Ltd (FMG) and its CEO and Chairman, Mr. John Andrew Henry Forest for the contravention of the sections 674(2) and section 1041 H of the Corporations Act. Mr. Forrest was accused of being personally liable to FMGs alleged misleading conduct and violation of the rules regarding continuous disclosures associated with the agreement between the FMG and the three state-owned Chinese corporations. The FMG entered into a binding contract with the China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC) to finance and build the railway component of the Pilbara Iron Ore and Infrastructure Project. CREC is fully confident about its capacity to construct the heavy axle railway load and tends to become top construction company in Asia. According to the terms of the binding contract, CREC will undertake full risk under a fixed price agreement on the rail project (Tomasic an d Xiong 2016). During an investor conference, Forrest said that the price of the rolling stock and the railway line cannot be disclosed but it is competitive. On 23rd of August 2004, there was an increase in the FMGs share price from 55% to 70% before closing at 59% (a 7% increase). The Australian Financial Review published an article in March 2005 stating that CREC has no legal obligation imposed on it in the agreement, to build and finance the railway project. After the publication, the share price of FMG fell sharply. Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) requested FMG on 24 March 2005 to clarify the terms of the Agreement. FMG sent a copy of the agreement to ASX, where it was apparent that it did not include any agreed fixed price. Consequently, ASIC commenced legal proceedings against FMG and Forrest (Humphrey and Corones 2014). Infringement of Directors Duties Australian Stock Exchange Ltd (ASX) plays an important role in allocating capital in the Australian economy. The ASX deals with the rules regarding disclosure, which is governed by the provisions under section 674 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) along with Ch 3 of the ASX listing rules. Section 674(2) lays down that it is mandatory for the listed entities to provide relevant information to the Australian Stock Exchange regarding their continuous disclosure rules. The information must be relevant to the extent that any prudent person would expect such information if it was available. The rules regarding disclosure are purported to retain the confidence of the investor by providing them with relevant information, which in turn, would facilitate the investors to take necessary decisions regarding their investments (Corones 2014). The main purpose of Australias incessant disclosure rule is to accelerate the efficacy and integrity of the capital markets in Australia by making them well-informed (Du Plessis 2016). The functioning of the incessant disclosure rules is further emphasized by the operation of section 1041 H of the Corporations Act that deals with deceiving and misleading conduct by any person while dealing in securities. According to the section, a person is prohibited from engaging in any misconduct relating to a monetary service or product that is likely to be deceiving or misleading. The statutory provision under section 52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) restricts a person dealing in commerce and trade from conducting in a way that is deceiving or misleading or is likely to deceive or mislead. This provision has paved the way for the aggrieved to bring legal action for damages. The courts determine whether a conduct of a person is misleading or not under section 1041 H of the Corporations Act 2002 by applying the principles stated under section 52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth). The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) is the supervisory body that ensures that the investors dealing in securities are not deceived or misled as stated by (Smith 2015). It also examines the announcements made in the market so that they do not mislead or deceive people. The ASIC alleged Mr. John Andrew Henry Forrest has violated the sections 1041 H and 674(2) of the Corporations Act. Mr. Forrest was accused of misleading conduct and infringement of the incessant disclosure regimes regarding the agreements in association with the Chinese corporations. In the investor conference, Forrest did not disclose the amount of the fixed price as he said the amount was confidential. However, under section 674 of the Corporations Act and as per the ASX Listing rule 3.1 any company that is a listed entity shall comply with the obligations regarding the disclosure rules even if the information is confidential by nature as stipulated by the sections (Choi et al. 2016). The company may not reveal any particular information if it satisfies the carve-out from disclosure in ASX Listing Rule 3.1, A which includes the following situations: The concerned information is an incomplete negotiation; The revelation of the information would amount to an infringement of law The information is part of a trade secret The information was created for the purpose of internal management of the entity The information was not sufficiently definite. However, none of the above mentioned situations applied to the revelation of the fixed contract amount of CREC on 24th of August. Therefore, the fixed amount constituted an essential term of the agreement and so it should have been disclosed at the investor conference. The non-disclosure of the price by Mr. Forrest amounted to infringement of his duty as laid down under section 181 and 674 of the Corporations Act (Ramsay 2015). Critical Evaluation of the Courts Decision The High Court dismissed ASICs contention that FMG and Forrest and the Board of the company while making the announcements had acted in a dishonest manner. The court concentrated more on the use of the term binding contract as to whether the term was used to misleading or deceitful manner. The term was analyzed by the court with reference to the proposed audience, which included investors and broader section of the business society (Mills and Woodford 2015). The court opined that the term did not imply that the agreement was enforceable by law. The court stated that a contract must not be assessed to be binding unless a statement regarding the legal binding of the contract has been made to the public. However, the court relied its approach on the following two facts: The contents of the Agreement was summarized precisely by the announcement The announcements made expressed the intention of the parties to constitute a binding contract ASIC further contended that Forrest has made an attempt to modify the agreement as it was not legally binding. The court declined the contention on the ground that post negotiations of the contract is not considered as a repudiation of the previous contract. It is a regular business conduct to make a better contract (Comino 2014). It was further observed that at the time when there was an increase of 7% in the share price of FMG, it was obvious to ASX from the newspaper publication that the market was not adequately informed regarding the terms of the CREC agreement in regard to the fixed amount payable to CREC. ASX should have requested FMG to clarify the terms of the agreement on 24 August itself but it did not write to FMG until March 2005. The member of the High court faced inconveniences with the manner of ASICs pleadings (Price 2014). The allegations made by ASIC during trial were regarded as allegations made on fraudulent conduct of the Fortesque. On an appeal, ASIC advanced the case on a distinguished ground altogether that the default statements made are deceptive or misleading by nature. Thus, the case that was presented during trial was based on the honesty of FMG, Mr. Forrest and the board of the company whereas the case presented on appeal concentrated on the fact that what did the default statements convey to the targeted audience (Langford 2015). It is a well-known principle that the evidence and the facts of a particular case are all relevant and imperative in the adjudication any case. The High Court was of the opinion and criticized that ASIC failed to provide relevant facts and evidences related with the case that would establish the fact that the targeted audience would interpret the term binding contract as contracts that are enforceable by law. It was an established principle that in situations where default statements were made towards the public or any targeted audience, any member within the target audience may adduce evidence that they were deceived and misled as a result of the impugned statement made (Gilbert and Fin 2013). The regulators that is, the ASX and the ASIC failed to comply with the disclosure rule that required them to ensure that the market is adequately informed. The regulators should have immediately requested for clarification of the contract terms relating to the fixed price by asking FMG for a copy of the agreement. The ASIC also failed to succeed in its contention against FMG and Mr. Forrest before the High Court as it did not include the competitive price representation in his contentions when it was apparent that the competitive price representation amounted to deceptive or misleading conduct of the Mr. Forrest (Hedges et al. 2016). In the context of the case, Forrest v. ASIC, the High Court asserted the burden is upon the appellant to prove that a statement addressed to the public include representation and also establishing the message the representation is likely to communicate to the targeted audience. The ASIC failed to adduce relevant evidence of the fact that in deed there were investors who were deceived and misled by the binding contract representation. The appellate court did not have to consider the competitive price representation as ASIC failed to plead the same (Lewis 2015). Conclusion The High Court held that Mr. Forrest and FMG had not conducted in a misleading or deceptive manner in relation to the binding contract and fixed price representation. The purpose of the statutory provisions for deceptive or misleading conduct and the disclosure regime have been incorporated in the Corporations Act to accelerate the efficiency of the Australian capital markets by providing equal opportunity to all the investors to have access to adequate and essential information about the company. Consequently, the availability of the adequate information shall facilitate the investors to take their necessary investment decisions. Reference List Choi, K.W.S., Chen, X., Wright, S. and Wu, H., 2016. Responsive Enforcement Strategy and Corporate Compliance with Disclosure Regulations. Comino, V., 2014. Australia's' Company Law Watchdog': The Australian Securities and Investments Commission and the Civil Penalties Regime. Corones, S., 2014. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v. TPG Interney Pty Ltd., Forrest v. Australian Securities and Investments Commission: Misleading Conduct Arising from Public Statements: Establishing the Knowledge Base of the Target Audience.Melb. UL Rev.,38, p.281. Du Plessis, J.J., 2016. Corporate Governance, Corporate Responsibility and Law: Disclosure of Non-financial Information: A Powerful Corporate Governance Tool. Gilbert, A. and Fin, A.T.R.F., 2013. Breach of continuous disclosure in Australia.JASSA, (4), p.21. Hedges, J., Bird, H.L., Gilligan, G., Godwin, A. and Ramsay, I., 2016. An Empirical Analysis of Public Enforcement of Directors Duties in Australia: Preliminary Findings. Humphrey, J. and Corones, S., Forrest v ASIC:A Perfect Storm(2014).Australian Law Journal,88, p.26. Langford, R.T., 2015. Directors' Duties: Conflicts, Proactive Disclosure and S 181 of the Corporations Act. Lewis, K., 2015. ASX consults on changes to continuous disclosure guidance note.Governance Directions,67(4), p.201. Mills, A. and Woodford, W., 2015.Company Accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Price, J., 2014. ASIC report: The director's role in corporate governance.Company Director,30(1), p.12. Ramsay, I., 2015. Enforcement of Continuous Disclosure Laws by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. Smith, H., 2015. Australia's Company Law Watchdog: ASIC and Corporate Regulation. Tomasic, R. and Xiong, P., 2016. Globalization, Legal Culture, and the Handling of Sino-Australian Commercial Disputes.The Chinese Journal of Comparative Law,4(1), pp.149-171.

I am going to describe the teachings and beliefs of Hinduism about death and what might happen afterwards Essay Example

I am going to describe the teachings and beliefs of Hinduism about death and what might happen afterwards Essay Hindus believe that when you die, your soul lives on and you are reborn as something else. They believe that Atman (your soul) lives on forever even when you die, and is transferred to something else. This is backed up by a quote which can be found in the Bhagavad Gita. This soul residing in the bodies of all can never be slain; therefore it does not behove you to grieve for anybody Bhagavad Gita 2:30 The quote is referring to Atman saying that it can never be killed and wont go away. Hindus believe something called re-incarnation takes place. Re-incarnation is the rebirth of a soul into another body. For example when someone dies there soul would leave there body and enter someone elses. We will write a custom essay sample on I am going to describe the teachings and beliefs of Hinduism about death and what might happen afterwards specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on I am going to describe the teachings and beliefs of Hinduism about death and what might happen afterwards specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on I am going to describe the teachings and beliefs of Hinduism about death and what might happen afterwards specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The death of him who is born is certain; and the rebirth of him who is dead is inevitable. Bhagavad Gita 2:27 This quote is saying that the person will definitely die and will definitely be reborn; this proves what Hindus believe about re-incarnation. Hindus believe that what happens in this life, affects what will happen to them in their next life. This is known as Karma. If they do good things, they will get rewards in their next life and if they do bad things, they will be punished in their next life and could be reborn into a poor family or they could be born with a disability. This idea is backed up by the quote: The world cannot subsist for a single moment without yajna. Yajna means an act directed to the welfare of others, done without desiring any return for it Gandhi The quote shows the idea of getting good Karma, fulfilling desires and heading towards a brighter future. Samsara is the cycle of a soul being passed from one body to another. This can also be backed up from the quote As a man takes off worn-out clothes, and puts on new ones, likewise the atman casts off worn-out bodies and enters into others which are new Bhagavad Gita 2:22 This is comparing the cycle of Samsara to us changing our old clothes and putting on new ones (like a cycle). Hindus believe in Moksha. Moksha is when an Atman is released and becomes part of God. It is seen as the highest purpose of life. Lead me from the unreal to the real, from the darkness to the light, from death to immortality Brihadaranyaka 1:3:28 The quote is taken from a prayer and is talking about being lead from one thing into the other and into immortality. This represents Moksha because it is talking about being lead into immortality which is regarded as one of the highest points in life. All of the words mentioned (Atman, Samsara, Karma, Moksha and Re-incarnation) link together. They are all related to the death of someone and how their life can affect what happens after their death (afterlife). Here I am going to talk about how Hindus beliefs about the afterlife can affect the way in which they choose to live their lives. Re-incarnation is the rebirth of a soul into another body. It can influence what Hindus do in their lives because they will not be scared of death, they will not be as sad when someone dies because they know the person will be reborn and they think of each life on earth to develop them self more and eventually reach Moksha. Atman is an enternal soul which lives on forever, even when the person dies. Atman can affect the way Hindus live their lives because at a funeral they do not see the body as important and therefore get rid of it, they focus on the soul moving on to another body, and being reborn. Karma affects what you are reborn as, if you do good things you get reborn with rewards, if you do bad things you are reborn with punishments. The world cannot subsist for a single moment without yajna. Yajna means an act directed to the welfare of others, done without desiring any return for it Gandhi This obviously affects the way Hindus live their lives because they want to get good Karma. They can achieve that by praying to God, being kind to other people and various other things that will benefit not just themselves but other people as well. It also means that most Hindus will not commit crime, because they will be punished in a later life. In Hindu funerals the body is not important so they burn it on a funeral pyre. This symbolises the release of the spirit and the flames themselves represent the presence of the God Brahma who is the creator God. The main aspect is the release of the Atman, and setting it free so it can be reborn. Rituals take place to help the soul continue on its journey. They are as much of a celebration as they are a remembrance service. Ghandi is one of the most admired Hindus in the world. He is famous for his non violent protests against prejudice in South Africa, and British Rule in India. Ghandi is an example of a Hindu who follows their beliefs; he doesnt use violence and has a lot of religious tolerance. He taught people how to use a spinning wheel and developed them into better people. He doesnt do things for himself but for the benefit of other people, he suffers so that other people can live better lives. Everyone should enjoy their life and forget about what might happen next I think that a Hindu would disagree with this statement because they believe that what happens in this life can affect their next. They think of their next life as important. They would want to enjoy their life, but enjoy it by doing good things so that they can get good karma and be reborn with rewards in their next life. I think that an Atheist would agree with the statement because they do not believe in Re-incarnation, they dont believe in God. They feel people should be able to do whatever they want without any consequences and not be influenced by religion. Christians would partially agree and disagree because they believe in heaven and hell and want to go to heaven after their death. However they do not believe that there is an afterlife and they dont believe you will be reborn. Personally I would agree with the statement because I dont believe in re-incarnation. I think people should enjoy life without worrying what might happen next. However I agree with Hindus to an extent because I still dont think people should be able to commit crimes and not get punished for them. They should just be punished in the same life not the next as I feel it is a fresh start.

Lucie Manette essays

Lucie Manette essays Lucie Manette In the book A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, Lucie Manette who is one of the characters in the novel has a variety of traits. Two of the traits she possesses are being soft-hearted and loving. She helps the characters overcome a great deal of struggles. She also has some struggles within herself. The story takes place in France and London which is where lucie is from. Two of the traits she possesses are being soft-hearted and loving. (Lucie Manette is a young French woman who grew up in England and was raised as a ward of Tellsons bank, because her parents were assumed dead). Lucie is an important character to the story because she has the power to change people, such as her father. She helped her father to be recalled to life. He was in a decrepit state when she found out he was still alive. He was a well-respected doctor, then his health became poor and all he could do was make shoes. Lucie took him back to London to nurse him back to health. One of her friend Jarvis Lorry told her . . . you can restore him to life, love, duty, rest, and comfort. Lucie is the key to holding everything together with her love. Another person she helps change through the story is Carton. Carton insists that he has declined beyond salvation, but admits that he has always viewed Lucie as The last dream of my soul... Lucie had made him consider beginning his life again, though he no longer believes in the possibility of doing so . Another trait she possesses is her soft-heartedness. She is falling in love with Charles Darney and when he is put in jail she is willing to wait on a street corner two hours a day each day on the chance that Darney will catch a sight of her from his prison window. Her soft-heartedness also helps change Sydney Cartons life. Carton was a lazy, good for nothing, alcoholic, but after he meets Lucie he falls madly in love with her. He says to her &quo...

Gender and crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender and crime - Essay Example was â€Å"strongly related to rising unemployment and an increasing sense of despair among the groups, which finds expression or outlet through aggression and violence† and these crimes were dominant â€Å"in depressed and impoverished areas, such as council estates in the U.K since the late 1980s, often accompanied by new forms of crime such as ram-raiding, joy-riding and the rise of alcohol-induced brawling in towns and cities†( Edwards, 2006, p. 11). Thus, one can obviously come to the conclusion that crimes in U.K had been associated with masculinity as majority of the crimes in U.K was committed by males and the women were thought to be incapable of subjecting themselves to any violent crimes. However, one can notice that factors such as the emergence of new women liberation movements, growth in feminism and women empowerment have been instrumental in increasing criminal offences by women at an apparently a faster rate than offending by men since the 1960s. While criminology in U.K were always focussed on males crimes and offending towards the last two decades of the 20th century â€Å"female incarceration rates were sky-rocketing, leading to a surge in research on girls, women, crime, and the criminal justice system† and as the researchers have very well put it the war on drugs and the federal sentencing reform were the two factors that resulted in the incarceration of women (Miller, 2009, p. 246). Similarly, one can also notice that female Prisoner Population in England and Wales rose considerably in the 1970s to the 1970s. It is, therefore, imperative that there are more of extensive researches and studies on female offending in the U.K. It was Freda Adler who f irst argued that females crime rates have been on the rise in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. The researcher concluded that â€Å"women offenders were changing their patterns of offending to more ‘masculine’ styles, becoming more aggressive and violent; and that this was due to the growth of the

To what extent might it be considered that a new aesthetic paradigm is Essay

To what extent might it be considered that a new aesthetic paradigm is emerging in the 21th century that makes the study of 'aes - Essay Example It is digital and born on the internet (Bridle, 2011). It is generally intelligent and it is diffuse and includes different smaller pieces which are loosely connected with each other. It is a collaborative desire to cover different elements of aesthetic activity, including music, painting, dance, sculpting, photography, and glitch imagery (Bridle, 2011). One of the major contributors to the idea of the new aesthetic has been seen in the establishment of the way in which digital activities and daily activities are gradually connecting with each other. The new aesthetic also secures a starting point in the assessment of Marx’s theories of machines (Sterling, 2012). It shifts from earlier discussions on machine labour being an extension of human actions, in the end, eliminating human barriers which is seen in designers and those who follow these designs. The New Aesthetic indicates a change in production different from Marx’s perspectives. As machines are dependent on huma n control according to Marx, those seen in the New Aesthetic work eliminate the human element (Bridle, 2011). They consider digitalization, and eliminate the human labour involved in the production elements. ... Such paradigms also do not invite other song and genre choices which are actually the more popular choices among the greater youth population. Popular music is not represented in the music education programs, and as a result, most of the materials which the teachers and students work with are irrelevant. The public and private sector teaching posts have decreased in terms of music teachers and musicians, including audience numbers (Abril and Gault, 2008). The current music educational system is actually not sustainable. The entire system is gradually being eroded on all sides, especially with teachers not being in touch with what is current, what is relevant in the music education system. The problem is very much extensive and complicated (Moore, 2011). It is therefore important to assess the music industry and the educational trends in order to understand the current issue. It is also important to evaluate how music relevancy can be utilized as the basis for securing flexible educat ion models and reviving the music programs in schools. Music education as seen from a music relevancy perspective would consider the music held relevant by the community (Abril and Gault, 2008). Such music education would be very much valuable to students especially as it would provide perspectives into the music that they are exposed to and are listening to every day. A music education curriculum which is strongly in line with the current music trends would be focused on current popular trends, including rock, R&B, country, Hip-hop and alternative music (Abril and Gault, 2008). Instructions in music instruments would mostly be on guitar, keyboard, drums, and other popular musical instruments. These new

Management in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management in Context - Essay Example Even though modern management experts opine that power must not be used as a beating stick to belittle subordinates, they also opine that the feeling that the manager does not want to use the power vested in him or her reduces the scope of the role of the manager within an organisation. Almost all schools of management stress the need for silent power, the kind of power that is felt but never seen explicitly within the organisation. The extent of power as a motivating force as well as a tool to enhance productivity will be discussed in this paper. Power can be manifested within a person as traits. Some people have inherent power in their characters while others seek external objects to display power. In the context of the behaviour of managers, their display of power may be according to certain theories. Many philosophers consider power as a trait. Some people are said to have more powers while others do not have an appearance that exudes power. It follows that some people, even if they are in the lower rung of the management hierarchy, exhibit more personal power than those who may adorn higher positions in the organisation. Aristotles Nichomachean Ethics, which is based on pure observation and interpretation of the ways that the environment and human beings interact, essentially puts that the display of emotion may be related to power or the notion of power. Adapting it to an organisation, we can derive that emotional outbursts control how power is displayed in an organisation. According to Aristotle, vices and virtues are determined by the response that one gives to a particular emotion. For example in response to fear, a person may develop excessive courage, which in the long run may be interpreted as haughtiness and arrogance, a serious issue that confronts managers and subordi nates. For example, a subordinate who is belittled for a long time may develop courage to speak against the management

A correlational study on music preference

A correlational study on music preference INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Music has long been said to have influenced the lives of every individual in ways which are more than the imaginable. More than setting the mod, it makes us remember things which happened long time ago and it makes us imagine a bright future through its melody and rhythm. Overtime, based on the philosophical traditions in the world, music is said to be promoting harmonious living not only for the individual, but for the society as well in general. Furthermore, it is also said that this idea has long been forgotten by the traditions in the Western philosophy although some still argues that music has more to offer in our ethical lives and reflection. Music is particularly important in the social lives of the adolescents. They do cruise in streets with their cars fully set-up with subwoofers and speakers as they favorite genre of music plays along normally rock, electric, or heavy metal. Various researches have shown that music is very important and essential in the lives of the adolescents especially on how they were able to satisfy social, emotional, and developmental needs. This only goes to show the big influence of music preference on the major decisions and activities in which the adolescent is inclined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suicide has long been a global threat to the human race especially among adolescents. In the United States alone, suicide has been said as the third leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15-19. The same case is also true globally. Although this phenomenon is said to ba a major alarming global problem, such has been still identified as preventable through a series of measures and practices which should be observed in order to prevent the occurrence of such. Part of this preventive and management of suicide attempts in the society include measures which are geared towards collaboration with community leaders or the proper authorities including health professionals, researchers, and all levels of the government which are concerned with the threat of this issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the course of the study to be conducted, the researcher will present the correlation between the adolescents preference of music and their attempts to commit suicide. The research operates on the notion that the choice of music has a variable effect on why teenagers are inclined into attempting to end their lives. The study will look into psychological aspects which are associated to choice of music and how such incident can trigger an individual to commit suicide. The purpose of this research is to be able to identify such correlation and relate it to actual incidences of attempted suicide and how such can be prevented. The questions which the research will try to answer will include those reason on why music has been associated to an adolescents attempt to commit suicide, what kind of music triggers such occurrence, what other factors does music does aside from what has been mentioned, and. how can such incident be prevented. The researcher expects that these research questions will be answered at the end of the research through the help of data and relevant information which will be presented and extracted from reliable sources of study in order to strengthen the foundation of this paper and to gain more insights regarding the issue at hand. It is the expectation of the researcher to know what exactly is the correlation between the two variables of study: music preference and suicide attempts among adolescents. This study is of utmost important to be bale to give enlightenment on the issue and to be able to come up with various recommendations on what music should be played in order to lessen the occurrences of suicide, provided that there is a recognizable correlation between the two variables. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to successfully carry out the main purpose of the study, the researcher will make use of relevant data which are available to gain more insights regarding the issue. One of the main sources of information for this study will include secondary data sources. These sources will include references extracted from books, academic journals, scholarly articles, internet, and other form sof media which will provide the researcher with more insights regarding the topic. The secondary sources will be useful in providing the research with a strong foundation and also to be bale to back-up and strengthen the claims and the hypotheses of the author regarding the issue. Furthermore, although the researcher recognizes the difficulty of such measure, an individual who attempted suicide will also be interviewed and asked regarding his music preferences. By this, the study will be able to provide insights on the correlation between suicide and teenagers choice or preference of music which they listen to. More than the individuals themselves, another valuable source of primary data for this research will be psychologists and behavioral doctors who will also be interviewed and asked about how music relates to the possibility of the occurrence of suicide attempts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the process of this research, the research design which will be used by the researcher is exploratory research. This classification of research design is concerned with providing insights into, and an understanding of, the problem confronting the researcher. This type of research design is normally used on cases where the problems need to be defined more precisely, identify relevant courses of action, and gain additional insights or information before a particular approach can be developed. Moreover, the sample which will be chosen for the purpose of this study will only be small and at the same time non-representative. The primary and secondary data which will be gathered will be qualitative in nature rather than being quantitative. Given this, the fact that the research design is exploratory, the researcher submits this study to the fcat that once it is completed with all the findings and recommendation, the research is still subject to further study typicall y followed by conclusive research. As mentioned, the data will be collected from both primary and secondary sources through interviews and extensive research to gain the desired results. Furthermore, these data will be carefully analyzed by the researcher and will be only used in the study if the researcher sees such data as relevant and helpful in the conduct of the study. Lastly, ethical considerations will be considered as well in doing this research. No plagiarism must be tolerated. All sources will be properly identified and acknowledged. All interviews will be authentic and will come only from the individuals who can best give insights and relevant information on the topic. The confidentiality of the interview sources, particularly those who have already attempted to commit suicide, will also be of primary consideration. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has always been said that music is the universal language of mankind. Indeed such is true. Through music, regardless of the language, we feel the rhythm, we feel the beat. And in one way or another we were touched by the tune, and by the time we know it we can either be already crying because of it or dancing crazily because of the beat. Such instance only goes to show that music has indeed a great influence in the lives of mankind. In our everyday lives, it plays a great role which at times, we are not even aware of.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the 5th International Conference on Adolescent Health and Welfare and the World Youth Forum, there has been a relevant discussion regarding the influence of music on the life of the youth. Such discussion focuses on the notion that every sonsg and every artists or every genre to which the individual is inclined, there is a corresponding influence, either good or bad, to that individual and will manifest either long term or short term effects. The conference holds that music affects our body in various ways. We either feel the music as vibration to our bones, tissues and lungs and they also act as sound box playing inside our system. Because of such influences of music to our system, it can be said that we are indeed influenced by its beats and rhythms and as well as our actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Pouliot (1998), â€Å"selectively chosen and carefully designed musical compositions can help fortify our immune system, reduce our feeling of pain, and enhance certain higher mental functions†. In the journal which he wrote the author supports the claim of other researchers that there is an ultimate connection between the function of an individuals body and to music. Aside from that, in his work, the author also mentioned that music helps an individual to have freedom from pain and suffering. Musically fluctuating vibrations have been said to have string influence on the individuals perception of pain and on the over-all well-being. Furthermore, his work concludes that his work and other researches do not actually prove the concept that music is embedded with the ability and capacity to make us happier, healthier, and smarter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, according to Roberts et al., although much debate in the past and even up to the present have shown focus on the effects of media on youth violence particularly that of television, there is also a need to put an emphasis on music. Furthermore, with todays popular music, criticism has been aimed towards the assumption that such music has contents which may influence how young listeners think or act. And more often than not, these influences are said to be violent and not giving any good to the adolescent population. It emphasizes the negatives which include violence, racism, Satanism, substance abuse, and suicide. Such musical aspects affecting such include heavy metal music and violent lyrics. The author also wrote some comments regarding music preference and suicide attempts and actual suicides. The work argues that the most common preference of music among those who committed suicide would be heavy metal music. The author mentioned that there is tru th to the fact that a number of adolescents who committed or attempted to commit suicide have been found listening to heavy metal music few hours before taking away their own lives. The author also mentioned that for the individual to immerse himself with angry, desperate, and depressing music is indeed a poor strategy to be able to cope with problems associated with anger, despair, and depression. Neuroscience also suggests that brooding or the ability of the individual to dwell on his current emotional state, is more likely to just deepen or worsen the situation rather than being able to alleviate it. This could carry an addictive and anti-social behavior until it could lead to potential suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In an article which was published in Americas Mental Health Channel, it has been said that suicide has increasingly become much more common among adolescents that how it used to be in the past years. It has been also identified that the main way of the adolescents to be able to end their respective lives is highly dependent on what lethal means are available in their country of residence and at their given age. In countries where guns are readily available, these are the main instruments which are used to commit suicide. However, in some places, strangling and food poisoning are the more causes means of committing or attempting suicide. Many literature have also been written identifying that the main cause of suicide attempts among adolescents would be the fact that they ae actually trying to manipulate others or as a way of crying out for help as brought about by depression or other problems which they perceived as too heavy already that suicide is their only opt ion on that particular moment. Moreover, when asked after their suicide attempts regarding the reasons on why they attempted to commit suicide, their reasoning would be like that of an adult. One of the reasons which they often stipulate is that they simply wanted to die, they no longer have the desire to live. Another reason which they normally state is that they just want to escape from a hopeless situation or get rid of their horrible state of mind. Other reasons include substance abuse, being victims of different forms of abuse be it physical or emotional, psychological disorders, and relationship problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Various researches have shown that the type of music which we listen to reveals a lot about our personality. Such type of music also influences a great part of our daily life and our actions as well. In a research which was conducted by Rentfrow and Gosling (2002), they have identified that the personality of an individual have a big impact on their preferences for their choices of music. Aside from these, the self-esteem and the mood of the individual also have a great effect on their taste for music. The impact of music in our lives, especially the violent ones have garnered notable attention and scrutiny in the past, especially heavy metal music. Performers like Slayer, Marilyn Manson, and Metallica have been brought into courts after parents of various adolescents claimed that their music have influenced their children to attempt to commit suicide. Furthermore, Center for Suicide Prevention (1999) also identified the adolescents preference to listening to heav y metal music as a factor affecting their attempt to commit suicide. Moreover, aside from heavy metal music they also identified other genres such as folk, pop-rock, country, and opera as having an effect on the desire of the individual to commit suicide. According to their study, the content analysis of some country songs reveals that there are some themes of the songs which can foster suicide such as those related to dissolution of marriage of parents, alcohol and substance abuse, financial strain, and social isolation. Moreover, the opera is said to have influenced suicide because of the death of the characters which might actually prompt adolescents to actually do the same. With relation to heavy metal, the study claimed that some lyrics are insinuating suicide and some even advocate the act of doing such. Stack and Gundlach (1992) also supports the theory that country music has an effect on the adolescents attempt to commit suicide. The authors identified the suicidal themes of most country songs as the main reason on why they are said to be contributory to suicide attempts of the younger population.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After having reviewed the relevant literature related to the topic at hand, the researcher could see that indeed the type or preference of music has a strong effect on the gullible personality of adolescents; therefore, such might actually prompt them to commit suicide. However, it is also suggested to look at other factors which might actually reveal why the preference for music has led to such choices and not to just directly correlate music preference with the attempt of adolescents to commit suicide. REFERENCES: Americas Mental Health Channel; Suicide and Children; Healthy Place; 2009 Center for Suicide Prevention; Music and Suicide; 1999 Documents for Small Business and Professionals; The Influence of Music Higgins, Kathleen Marie; The Music of Our Lives; 2001 Newfouldland and Labrador Center for health Information; Attemptempted Suicide Among Adolescents; 2004 Pouliot, Janine S.; The Power of Music; 1998 Roberts, Donald F., Christenson, Peter G., Gentile, Douglas A.; The Effects of Violent Music on Children and Adolescents; 2008 Schwartz, Kelly D., Fouts, Gregory T.; Music Preferences, Personality Style, and Developmental Issues of Adolescents. Stack, Steven, Gundlach, Jim; The Effect of Country Music on Suicide; 1992

Preventing Bacteria from Creating Resistance to Drugs Essay -- Explora

Preventing Bacteria from Creating Resistance to Drugs In 1943, the antibiotic era began when penicillin, a member of the [beta]-lacam family of drugs, was developed. Since then, tens of thousands of derivatives of penicillin have been developed, but only seventeen antibiotics of this family are currently marketed in the United States. Penicillin and its derivatives work by preventing certain bacteria from building strong cell walls that keep their shape and integrity. Without well-integrated cell walls, "bacterial trying to grow in the presence of penicillin puff up and die."1 Almost all bacterial diseases have evolved some level of resistance. The "increased use of antimicrobial drugs encourages the spread of resistance and increases the prevalence of drug-resistant strains."2 In fact, most virulent strains, like many sexually transmitted diseases, require at least double the dosage that was used a decade ago. Vancomycin, commonly referred to as the "last resort drug," is being used by hospitals in ever-increasing amounts. Bacterial resistance is the result of evolutionary responses. One cause of resistance is through mutation. In some instances, proteins used to build the cell are altered to bind penicillin poorly or not at all. A second type of resistance occurs when the bacteria preemptively breaks down penicillin into harmless by-products before they have the chance to bind with the cell wall. A greater cause for concern is the fact that "bacteria may reproduce with different bacterial species passing on resistance" to bacteria that did not previously possess the ability to resist any drugs.3 Humans are the predominant cause for drug resistance. The following are some examples of how human intervention has res... ...3. Palumbi. Pg. 81. 4. "Meanwhile, Back at the Farm" in Infectious Disease Alert. Nov. 1, 2001. vol. 21 i. 3 Pg. 17. 5. Palumbi. Pg. 89. 6. Palumbi. Reproduced from Table 4.1 on Pg. 75. 7. Skolnic, Andrew. "New Insight Into How Bacteria Develop Antibiotic Resistance" in The Journal of the American Medical Association. Jan. 2, 1991. vol. 265 n. 1. Pg. 14. 8. For further reading consult: Skurkovich, Simon. "Facing the Coming Plague" in World and I. June 1998. vol. 13 n. 6. Pg. 150. FURTHER READING & USEFUL LINKS 1. This presentation was intended to be associated with the following article: Eckert, Eric. "Diseased Soieties" in World and I. Oct. 1998. vol. 13 n. 10. Pg. 166. 2. Lappe, Marc. Breakout: The Evolving Threat of Drug-Resistant Disease. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1995. 3. "How Bacteria Build Resistance to Antibiotics" presented by USA Today

Analyzing The Electoral College Essay

Introduction – There is not one perfect model for the electoral process. All of the varied electoral processes conducted around the world have some kind of flaw or problem. If there was a perfect electoral system, the world now would have been bereft of any concerns involving the electoral processes. The United States, for all of its advancement in thinking and its study and use of new knowledge in the field of analysis and social sciences, still is unable to define what a perfect electoral system is, and until now, the country is still bombarded with concerns about the possible inconsistencies and the presence of bias or unfairness during the electoral process. Two of the most common election problems include the general problems of the faulty electoral system in place in the country and the growing problem about the efficiency of the Electoral College. There must be some logic or some prevailing election custom or tradition that paved the way for the creation and constant use of the winner take all system, because if the people generally are not in favor of such a system, then how can the system of winner take all during elections take place in the US election system? For someone who thinks the winner take all makes sense to identify the rightful representation for the electorate, the system is the way to go and thinking of a new way which would replace the existing system of winner take all in the election is something that is not only arduous but is also impossible to implement in such a short period of time, considering the fact that elections does not even happen in an annual basis. Analyzing the electoral system and the Electoral College – There maybe some individuals and organizations as well who frown at the idea of the winner take all, while there may also be some people and some groups who believe that the election system and the Electoral College is on the right track by using the winner take all scheme during elections. For those who wants to venture deeper into this issue, the real issue is getting at the bottom of the concern that anti-winner take all scheme voices out, and weigh its relevance and significance vis-Ã  -vis the reasons that people put forward about how the existing winner takes all is a good style in the election process. In the analysis of the winner takes all scheme, those who may agree for its continuance may revert to the thinking that if it is happening and is allowed by almost everyone, then it is considered as socially acceptable and therefore generally something that is ok. The role and influence of the selected electors or members of the electoral college – The electoral college members which are selected representatives of the electorate of a particular state, holds an important role if there are any serious efforts towards the recreation and reconstruction of some of the election process in the country. Like political parties and interest groups, the Electoral College is a collection of individuals which holds an important power in their hands that can dictate the outcome of the process of leader-selection inside the US government for seats taken only by elected officials. Another important aspect to discuss when it comes to the analysis of the problem in the electoral process particularly in the Electoral College and the problem found in the winner take all scheme is the privilege being enjoyed by the members of the Electoral College. Â  For those who are wondering why even despite the presence of those who are arguing against the use of the winner takes all practice during election, the scheme is still in place, the reason behind it maybe the maintaining of the source of power and influence especially among the usual members of the Electoral College. Like any other groups to which important outcomes are dependent on, the groups of individuals forming the electoral college, like the congressmen and the senators, are also experiencing the perks of being placed in a position wherein there is a possibility that the candidates for local and national positions would court these members of the electoral college, resulting to favors and personal debts which electoral college members may find useful, even profitable. Because the winner takes all tradition rests heavily on the continued support for such practice by most of the members of the electoral college (who will have to make do without the ‘favors’ coming their way should the winner takes all scheme is removed), the members of the electoral college themselves might be guilty in undertaking conscious efforts to ensure that the public policy and public opinion at worst is apathetic to such practice. Another problem that haunts the Electoral College is the fact that many do not consider it as a true ally and feature of a country that exercises a democratic form of government. The bias can be seen on how representation through the Electoral College is highly dependent on the state population counted every 10 years by the national census agency of the country. The Electoral College, the electoral system and the winner-takes-all scheme: Is there a better way? – Considering that those who are lobbying for a change in some aspects of the electoral system, starting with the change in the Electoral College and the winner-takes-all scheme, the important question to face here is this: what are the changes needed to complete the election system facelift? So far, there are no groups or individuals who have a concrete solution that can be adopted and implemented so that the electoral system in the country should improve. There are lots of criticisms about the Electoral College and the winner-takes-all scheme, but so far, there are not as many solutions being put to light to replace the electoral features which maybe detrimental to the exercise of a democratic country. The only explanation is that these features are effectively in place even until today despite the criticisms is because they serve the ends of those who are powerful enough to initiate the changes should the faulty features become detrimental to their interests as well. For example, if the winner takes all scheme is indeed a breach of the ideals of the democratic country to exercise fair representation in local and national governance, why is it in place and being observed even until now? In place of the winner-takes-all scheme, others suggest the designing and use of more proportional voting methods that actually put in counting the real statistics of votes and not the collective rounding off of votes during the preliminaries allowing for the change in campaigning strategies, which shifts direction away from the real voters and more towards earning the favor of the members of the Electoral College. Conclusion – When the forefathers of the country first thought of giving the rest of the society the privilege of picking the one person or the set of persons who will be responsible for looking after the welfare of the rest of the society, they immediately established the foundation of a sound democracy. Unfortunately, the design of the ideal democracy did not end there. Until today, the people should not stop in pursuing the elimination of the aspects of democracy that is more detrimental that beneficial, and that includes the problems found in the electoral system. The people should take a pro-active stand in fixing the problems found in the electoral system. Those who are responsible for this particular aspect of social link and interaction should re-evaluate the essence of some of the aspects of the electoral system, like the features and design of the Electoral College. They should be capable of providing the public an unbiased assessment on how the Electoral College is still capable or is not already capable of meeting the ends for which it was created for in the first place. If the Electoral College is being manipulated to serve the best interest of a select few, then the electoral system as a whole is in jeopardy, and drastic actions leading to the formulation of solutions and better alternative should be clearly defined and be set in motion.

Con Evaluation Instrument

Some say that there are pros and cons when it comes to the instruments used to evaluate a class room teacher. There is no perfect method used to evaluate a teacher. But the formative and summative evaluations are the best way to critique your teacher and give positive and negative feedback. I was able to obtain an observation form from my local school district. This was an example of a formative and summative evaluation. The form was broken up into four parts. They are as follows: Organizing Content Knowledge for Student learning, creating an Environment for Student Learning, Teaching for Student Learning and Teacher Professionalism. Most of these categories are very good. Only one needs some work. This evaluation form asked very good questions that can effectively evaluate a teacher. The first question was: Does the teacher articulate clear learning goals for the lesson that are appropriate for the students? This is crucial for students. Do they understand what is expected of them for that particular lesson? The goals should always be clear and concise and the teacher should be able to explain to the students what he/she expects of them. There were several other questions that were strong. Sections one, two and three all ask direct questions about the teacher and his/her jobs. These questions pin point the important things that go on in the classroom. The teachers’ actions in his/her classroom will be reflected positively and negatively within these questions. At the end of the form the teacher is allowed to comment on what he/she thinks about the evaluation. It is important to get feedback from the teacher that has been evaluated. They may provide explanations to why the behaved in such a manner when they were getting observed. Be it positive behaviors or negative behaviors. The last section of the evaluation: Teacher Professionalism needs to revise. This section contained four questions. Two questions ... Con Evaluation Instrument Free Essays on The Pro/Con Evaluation Instrument Some say that there are pros and cons when it comes to the instruments used to evaluate a class room teacher. There is no perfect method used to evaluate a teacher. But the formative and summative evaluations are the best way to critique your teacher and give positive and negative feedback. I was able to obtain an observation form from my local school district. This was an example of a formative and summative evaluation. The form was broken up into four parts. They are as follows: Organizing Content Knowledge for Student learning, creating an Environment for Student Learning, Teaching for Student Learning and Teacher Professionalism. Most of these categories are very good. Only one needs some work. This evaluation form asked very good questions that can effectively evaluate a teacher. The first question was: Does the teacher articulate clear learning goals for the lesson that are appropriate for the students? This is crucial for students. Do they understand what is expected of them for that particular lesson? The goals should always be clear and concise and the teacher should be able to explain to the students what he/she expects of them. There were several other questions that were strong. Sections one, two and three all ask direct questions about the teacher and his/her jobs. These questions pin point the important things that go on in the classroom. The teachers’ actions in his/her classroom will be reflected positively and negatively within these questions. At the end of the form the teacher is allowed to comment on what he/she thinks about the evaluation. It is important to get feedback from the teacher that has been evaluated. They may provide explanations to why the behaved in such a manner when they were getting observed. Be it positive behaviors or negative behaviors. The last section of the evaluation: Teacher Professionalism needs to revise. This section contained four questions. Two questions ...

The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy †Research Paper

The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy – Research Paper Free Online Research Papers The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy Research Paper BACKGROUND Prime Minister Tony Blair has recently unveiled a  £50m fund to back budding entrepreneurs claiming that the UK ‘needs to embrace entrepreneurs in the modern world.’ The Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, Stephen Byers, also announced details of proposals to boost enterprise and innovation in small businesses. Mr Byers said Enterprise and innovation are vital to improving Britains competitive position in the knowledge driven economy. The proposals set out in the last budget which include tax credits and incentives, indicate that the Government are working towards creating the right framework for businesses to thrive. The overall aim is to provide a stable environment and appropriate incentives for a vibrant enterprise culture. My dissertation will be based on small business marketing, as I work for a small business in the service sector and information is readily available. Areas of my studies which focus on Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) have become of great interest to me, especially as 55% of the UK workforce work for SME’s and 92% of new jobs created are for small firms. There are 3.6million SME’s, which employ less than one hundred people, in the UK. These firms play an increasingly important role in the success of the economy and government policies are currently being adapted to encourage entrepreneurs to become self-employed making this subject topical at the moment. I have been asked to carry out this project by the owner of Wiring Services, a local electrical contracting partnership currently employing ten people. The owner has no formal business qualifications and is striving to expand the business. RESEARCH QUESTION, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES I propose to study the following research question: A case study into Wiring Services, a local small business, and its marketing activities. The aims of this dissertation are to examine the current marketing strategy of Wiring Services, a typical local small enterprise. A critical appraisal of existing systems, processes and procedures will be carried out and recommendations offered to the owners with particular reference to how marketing can be used to drive the business forward in terms of growth. The Research Objectives: To examine the current marketing strategy of Wiring Services. To discover what motivated the owner to become self-employed and set up his own small business and what aims the owners are working towards for the business. To critically appraise existing marketing systems, processes and procedures currently in place to achieve the firm’s overall marketing strategy. To discuss the importance that maintaining customer satisfaction has in the contracting industry. To make recommendations after establishing how marketing can be used to help improve Wiring Services’ performance and to aid growth and development. This is a piece of applied research as it is ‘†¦of direct and immediate relevance to managers’ (Saunders (1997)). The small business owner will find the research useful and the management of Wiring Services will act upon its findings. This research has elements of both exploratory and descriptive studies as the study will be explore small business marketing to clarify the nature of the issue faced by Wiring Services. The critical review will be descriptive LITERATURE REVIEW Marketing is an important function for both small and large firms. In the ever-changing and increasingly competitive marketplace, firm’s that identify unfulfilled needs and wants of target markets and deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than its competitors will more than likely become the successful market leader. In 1991, 96 per cent of firms in the UK employed less than twenty people and these firms accounted for around one third of non-government employment. During the 1980’s there was a significant rise in the number of self-employed people in the UK. It has been argued people are more likely to become self-employed as they find it harder to find work (Mayes and Moir, 1990). Therefore perhaps the growth of small businesses may have more to do with the labour market than an increase in entrepreneurial flair. Research into marketing in small businesses has concluded that it is frequently under-utilised and misunderstood by small business owners/managers. Carson’s study (1990) into small firms in Belfast, discovered that the marketing function is often seen as peripheral to small firm’s requirements. Many small firms, including Wiring Services, manage to achieve high turnover and profit without any formal marketing plans or systems which maybe why the small business owner often questions the importance of marketing unless there is a need for growth or expansion within the firm. However, on the other hand, conflicting information was given by Beam and Carey (1989) which suggested that small businesses are very aware of the need for marketing even if they do not always engage in its activities. The vast majority of marketing literature deals with the application of marketing and marketing planning in terms of the larger firm. Hogarth-Scott et al (1996) state that complex marketing theories and sophisticated formal processes are inappropriate to the small firm as they wouldn’t help the owners understand the markets in which they operate and the owners wouldn’t have the time or patience to digest or implement them. In small firms the owner has to be a generalist and is often involved in every decision from everyday issues such as customer enquiries and financial control to matters which arise less often such as employee recruitment. It is therefore wrong to suggest that they should become marketing specialists (Stanworth and Gray, 1991). Book sbank (1999) developed a four-phase marketing planning model to illustrate how the key marketing principles can be applied to the smaller business. SME’s must utilise the advantages they have over their larger competitors rather than dwelling on the fact that they aren’t able to gain from the same economies of scale and have severe resource constraints. SME’s are often far better at offering a friendly service as they are closer to and can talk to the customer, which is a vital source of competitive advantage (Hogarth-Scott et al 1996). As businesses move through the product life cycle stages towards growth, the need for strategic marketing planning and marketing information increases. The costs of such processes should be weighed against the increases risk and uncertainty which will result is marketing is ignored (Kenny and Dyson, 1989). This brief review of the limited amount of past research into small business marketing available suggests that marketing is important to small business owners and could help to expand firms and make SME’s more successful in the increasingly turbulent and more competitive marketplace. Success is dependant on a strong customer focus (Hogarth-Scott, 1996), therefore small business owners would be expected to understand the need for marketing strategies. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS A case study approach will be adopted in which I will look at a local small enterprise in great detail. Robson (1993) defines case study as’ ‘the development of detailed, intensive knowledge about a â€Å"case†.’ The case study technique has been recommended as a useful strategy if the aim is to, ‘gain a rich understanding of the context of the research and the processes being enacted (Morris and Wood, 1991). This is particularly relevant as one of the objectives of this research study is to appraise existing marketing processes and this can only be executed successfully with a thorough understanding of the small-business marketing topic. Saunders et al (1997) suggest that the case study technique is an extremely worthwhile way of exploring existing theory. Robson (1993) states that the case study approach has considerable ability to generate answers to the questions, why, what and how. The case study approach will aid the research study as it is necessary to discover, why marketing techniques should be adopted in the small business, what techniques and theories are best adapted to the needs of the small business, and how marketing should be implemented on a day to day basis. To complete this dissertation, two ways of collecting data will be utilised by conducting both primary and secondary research. Secondary research involves re-analysing data which has been collected by somebody else for another purpose. This data may not be wholly relevant to the research question but will help me gain background knowledge in small business marketing to help meet the aims and objectives of the dissertation. Secondary data can be either internal or external. Internal secondary data is data produced within the firm for purposes other than marketing decision making (Bellenger and Greenburg 1978). Secondary data, Wiring Services collects to support its day to day operations will be readily available and access to any relevant documents such as financial statements, letters, reports and brochures will not be a problem, as I have worked there a long time and know the owners very well. However when considering validity and reliability, the accuracy of such information must be considered. External secondary data will be collected from academic journals, textbooks, newspapers, Internet sites and perhaps government publications. If the secondary data within the journals are refereed then an academic has already concluded that the data is reliable. The reliability and validity of non-refereed sources must be considering when basing decisions upon them. Sound recommendations can only be made w hen based upon a wide range of in-depth, reliable knowledge of the subject. Extensive secondary research will give the recommendations made substantial weight. New primary research will also be conducted as a part of this dissertation. To design an appropriate research strategy that will meet the aims and objectives set out previously, the information needs should first be identified. Information regarding Wiring Service’s current marketing strategies, customer satisfaction levels and the owners’ aspirations for the firm and are examples of the necessary information. The data required to produce this information also needs to be specified. Secondary data sources will be looked at first, as this is typically the least expensive approach and will provide the theoretical and academic underpinning needed to meet the objectives fully. The nature of the objectives however, require primary data to be collected which will complete the gap between the information needs and the secondary data available. There are two ways to obtain primary data, by communication (i.e. interviews) and by observation. Communication can be quicker a nd more versatile but observation is more objective and accurate. I propose to make use of both to benefit from the advantages of both methods. Case studies usually use a mixed methodology approach and various data collection methods are employed, usually interviews, observation, documentary analysis and questionnaires. This case study approach is ‘unscientific in nature’ and I have decided to make this study wholly qualitative as quantitative data is numerical, collected in a standardised manner and analysed using diagrams and statistics which isn’t suitable to meet the objectives of this study. Qualitative research is any research acquiring data which is not subject to quantification or quantitative analysis. Qualitative research is unscientific, involves small samples and you cannot generalise from it. However it is arguably cheaper and aids understanding of feelings and motivations. The majority of past research into small business marketing have also been qualitative studies. PHASE ONE An interview is a purposeful discussion between two or more people (Kahn and Cannell, 1957). In an exploratory study such as this, in-depth interviews can be very helpful to, ‘find out what is happening and to seek new insights’ (Robson 1993). I will interview the SME’s owners to collect vital contextual data regarding the firm’s current stance on marketing and where the firm sees itself going in the future. Such interviews are associated with qualitative research, and considering the nature of the qualitative information required regarding the respondents thoughts and ideas on marketing principles, I believe the interview situation will be appropriate as it is gives you the flexibility to explore the complexity of the topic. Saunders et al (1997) state that the use of interviews, ‘can help you to gather valid and reliable data which are relevant to your research questions and objectives’. Questionnaires would not be appropriate as responses are usually restricted to the options given and additional questions, which crop up as a result of an interesting answer can’t be immediately asked. With in-depth and semi-structured interviews validity is concerned with the extent to which the res earcher has gained full access to the knowledge and meanings of informants (Easterby-Smith (1991)). High levels of validity are possible with carefully constructed qualitative interviews and to achieve this I will use informant verification. Written accounts of the transcribed interview findings, which will include my own conclusions, will be presented to the interviewees for them to verify the content. This is a form of triangulation and also may bring up new ideas and interpretations, which didn’t immediately occur to the interviewer. Ethnocentrism will be avoided because if any conclusions are incorrectly assumed from what is said, the interviewee has the opportunity to correct the mistake. Reliability is concerned with whether similar results would be obtained if different researchers conducted similar research. In this case, whether alternative interviewers would discover similar information. Therefore interviewer, interviewee and response bias should be eliminated as much as possible and this isn’t drawn attention to in the paper. Reliability is a concern of non-standardised research methods such as in-depth interviews. However, the results are not really intended to be repeatable, as they reflect reality at the time they were collected, in a situation which may be subject to change (Marshall and Rossman 1989). Customers will also be interviewed using a semi-structured technique to ascertain how effectively Wiring Services are meeting the needs of their customers and to take note of any improvements that could be made. Depending upon how many customers take the time to be interviewed, this information may be more efficiently gathered using a focus group or group interview methodology. This will save time and money and also has the benefit of allowing a variety of points of view to be made and the group of around 8-10 people can respond and discuss their views. As only one SME will be investigated, it is highly questionable whether this sample is representative of the whole population. ‘Generalisations about populations from data collected using any sample are based on probability’ (Saunders (1997)). Therefore, the larger the sample size, the more the results can be generalised from. However generalisation is not usually central to the purpose of qualitative data. PHASE TWO The first phase will consist of an ongoing participant observation process. Participant observation is qualitative where ‘the researcher attempts to participate fully in the activities of subjects and thus become a member of the group or organisation (Saunders 1997). It is used to attempt to get to the root of ‘what’s going on’. Having worked for Wiring Services for 17 months full time whilst on placement and part time for almost two years advantage will be taken of the access to information. Here it will be discovered if the intended marketing strategy of the firm is actually carried though and delivered. A diary will be kept of any useful information relating to the marketing processes the firm adopts and any spoken reference made to the topic. Robson (1993) suggests that data collected in this manner be classed as ‘descriptive observation’ and a ‘narrative account’. The owners will be aware of my research as they commissio ned it and have said that they won’t mind me taking notes as and when information arises. This will mean that primary observations will be made and notes taken of events as they happen in a diary. Saunders 1997, states that with participant observation research, data collection and analysis is part of the same process. The rough diary notes will be written up in a more systematic manner with the emphasis on generating a theory to help understanding of ‘what is going on’. Qualitative analysis is problematic, as there is no standardised approach to it. All qualitative data will be analysed in order to understand and manage it. Key themes and patterns will be identified for further exploration to allow me to draw conclusions and make recommendations. This will be done by adopting a phenomenological approach which will not involve categorising or coding the qualitative data as the nature of the information gathered is specific to one company and these approaches aren’t relevant. Transcripts and notes from the qualitative interviews and observations will be used and thoroughly read and re-read them making keynotes from them. In order to make full recommendations of how and if marketing can help the firm expand and grow it is important to establish the firms current position in the marketplace. Information gathered from both the interviews and observations will be applied to Porter’s Model of competitive behaviour to establish if the mo st useful strategy is currently adopted. SWOT and PEST analyses will give an insight into the external environment in which the firm operates and the opportunities and threats posed by external sources. TIMESCALE There is only one deadline for this piece of research, which is the final submission date. In order to manage the time available most efficiently and to avoid stress a gantt chart has been constructed and is contained in appendix 1. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Access to internal information should not be a problem as the owners of Wiring Services fully support this research project. Therefore all observations are overt and no secrecy will be involved. However some of the internal secondary data which I will collect such as financial information may be of a sensitive nature and it is important to keep this information 100% confidential, private and away from individuals who are not permitted to gain such knowledge including other employees. I have already been granted permission to interview the firm’s customers. Throughout the interviews questioning shouldn’t be over-zealous and the situation shouldn’t be stressful for the interviewees. Interviews will be arranged at times suitable to all parties to avoid conflict. The interviewees will be given the right to decline to answer some questions if they prefer. RESOURCES In terms of a budget for this research study, all elements will be relatively inexpensive with no postage costs. Arranging interviews with customers will be carried out over the telephone and permission has been given to use the phone in the office for this purpose. The major cost may be time from work taken out to conduct interviews and focus groups, this will cost Wiring Services money, however the benefits of the study far outweigh this cost. Travel to customers offices’ will be covered by company expenses in the researchers company car. CONCLUSION According to Johnson (1994), research should be: ‘A focused and systematic enquiry that goes beyond generally available knowledge to acquire specialised and detailed information, providing a basis for analysis and elucidatory comment on the topic of enquiry.’ This can be interpreted to mean that all research, whether applied or academic, should be carefully planned and structured with a clear methodology to provide new information which will enlighten the reader. Research Papers on The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy - Research PaperOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Self Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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STAT212 - Statistics Project Example It is crucial that recruiters, students and parents are aware of the impacts of holding work while at school. The outcome assists in determination of how elimination of work and attending school equally. This piece of work assumes that possessing a part-time job will seriously affect learners’ grades. Additionally, there is anticipation that learners working for more hours perform poorly compared to the ones who work a few hours in a week. A shaky assumption is the amount of time worked has null impact on the learner’s grade. The data was taken in two stages. The first being in 2011 when a survey carried out annually was mailed to all 5,353 undergraduate learners. A totality of 2,637 learners estimated to be 49% of the population that is targeted, gave a response to the survey. During the survey, all students were asked to give their status of employment. A sum of 1000 learners, estimated as 38% of those who responded indicated that their reason for work was for pay. Further questions were made for those who laboured for pay. The questions were on work experiences and financial situations. Although the experiences in college are the same for non working and working students, the results as rated using the GPA are different. From the targeted groups that were chosen for this study it is found out that learners who work are either not aware of or do not admit that their performance in academic is compromised due to lack of good time for their studies. Form the research it was found out that learners not only search for jobs but the ones that have meaning in their lives. For beginners, they choose work that needs less skill. What inspires them to keep the job is the payment or salaries. Moreover, employment helps to step up their experiences and career. Employment has three meanings in many forms. The first being when students go searching for jobs, they find it interesting as it gives them an experience in job hunting. Then, after getting a job